After years of hoping, planning and waiting, Anne Schaeffer finally held her adopted son in her arms – and breast-fed him.

Courtesy Anne Schaeffer
Anne Schaeffer with her son Robbie, who she adopted, and breast-fed, as an infant.
Once upon a time, adoptive breast-feeding, or induced lactation, was rare. And while it’s still not the norm, a growing number of adoptive mothers are nursing their young babies. They do it for the health benefits of breast milk for babies, but also for the emotional benefits for both mother and child.
“It’s impossible for me to know what our bond would be like if I hadn’t done it, but I could not feel closer to my son,” said Schaeffer, whose son is now 11 months. “He’s got a really wonderful, very secure attachment to me. I don’t know how much (breast-feeding) played into it, but it sure didn’t hurt.”
It wasn’t easy. Schaeffer and her husband were pretty beaten up, mentally and physically, after four in-vitro fertilization cycles and four miscarriages. Shortly after they decided to adopt, Schaeffer’s mother told her about an NPR segment she’d heard about induced lactation.
“It was such a relief, such a consolation that I would be able to have some sort of physical bonding,” said Schaeffer.
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She contacted Julie Bouchet-Horwitz, an Irvington, N.Y.-based nurse practitioner and lactation consultant who breast-fed her adopted daughter 16 years ago. She coached Schaeffer throughout the process, using the Newman-Goldfarb Protocols for Induced Lactation, a guide developed in 1999 by a Canadian pediatrician and a woman becoming a mom through gestational surrogacy.
To make breast milk, women take birth control pills continuously for several months, tricking the body into thinking it’s pregnant. The guide also suggests domperidone, a gastrointestinal drug with a side effect of milk secretion – even in men.
Domperidone isn’t FDA-approved, and Reglan, a similar drug available in the U.S., has been shown to cause depression. There are also herbs that can help with milk production, but most women who go the medication route take domperidone; Schaeffer ordered hers from a pharmacy in New Zealand.
As the adoption day nears, adoptive moms come off the birth control pill and continue domperidone to produce milk. Nipple stimulation – the kind that comes from a baby nursing, or a breast pump – triggers oxytocin, the hormone that causes the milk “let-down” effect.

Courtesy Jane Anne Wilder
Jane Anne Wilder, breast-feeding her adopted newborn.
It’s even possible for women to produce milk without drugs. Jane Anne Wilder, an actress from the Seattle area, adopted 17 years ago. Her doctor told her she could go on hormones to prepare for breast-feeding, but she was leery. “If the adoption had fallen through, I was going to be devastated enough. So I wanted to start when the adoption was solid.”
Wilder was at the hospital when her baby was born. She used a supplemental nursing system, a device used by both adoptive and biological moms. Formula or breast milk goes in a little bottle, which is fed to the baby through tiny tubes taped to the mother’s nipple. Baby doesn’t know the difference, and the sucking causes mom to make more milk.
Within three days, Wilder was “honest to God lactating,” although she never made enough milk to breast-feed without supplementing. Few adoptive moms, whether they take drugs or not, will make enough milk to breast-feed exclusively. But Wilder kept at it for the bonding.
“This wasn’t my biological child, so I wanted to take every opportunity to bond with this baby that I could possibly get,” said Wilder. Plus, she added, “I had cleavage for the first time.”
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There are plenty of children in the US that need a family as well.... : \